An examination of cardiovascular disease risk factors among civil servants in Niger State
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Background of the Study
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which include heart disease, stroke, and hypertension, are leading causes of death worldwide. The major risk factors for CVDs include hypertension, high cholesterol, smoking, physical inactivity, and unhealthy diet. In Nigeria, the burden of CVDs is increasing, particularly among the adult population, with lifestyle factors contributing significantly to the rise in cases (Eze et al., 2024). Niger State, located in central Nigeria, is home to a growing population of civil servants, many of whom are exposed to sedentary work environments, high levels of stress, and limited access to preventive healthcare services. These factors place themat increased risk for CVDs.
Civil servants in Niger State represent a group that is at the intersection of work-related stress and lifestyle factors that predispose themto cardiovascular risks. The nature of their work often involves long hours, sedentary activities, and unhealthy eating habits due to time constraints. Previous studies have shown that the prevalence of CVD risk factors such as obesity, smoking, and poor dietary habits is high in professional workers, particularly in developing countries like Nigeria (Olayinka et al., 2024). However, there is limited research specifically examining the cardiovascular risk factors among civil servants in Niger State.
The aim of this study is to explore the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases within this demographic and assess the degree to which lifestyle behaviors such as physical activity, diet, and smoking contribute to the overall risk profile of civil servants in Niger State. Additionally, the study will explore knowledge gaps regarding CVD prevention and management.
Statement of the Problem
Civil servants in Niger State are increasingly vulnerable to cardiovascular diseases due to the sedentary nature of their work, poor lifestyle habits, and inadequate preventive health education. Despite the known risk factors for CVDs, there is little research examining the specific lifestyle habits and health risks of civil servants in Niger State. This study seeks to identify these risk factors and propose strategies to mitigate them.
Objectives of the Study
- To identify the major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases among civil servants in Niger State.
- To assess the lifestyle behaviors contributing to cardiovascular disease risk among civil servants in Niger State.
- To evaluate the knowledge and awareness of cardiovascular diseases and their prevention among civil servants in Niger State.
Research Questions
- What are the major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases among civil servants in Niger State?
- How do lifestyle behaviors such as diet, physical activity, and smoking influence cardiovascular disease risk among civil servants in Niger State?
- What is the level of awareness of cardiovascular disease prevention among civil servants in Niger State?
Research Hypotheses
- There is a significant relationship between sedentary work habits and the risk of cardiovascular diseases among civil servants in Niger State.
- Unhealthy dietary habits significantly contribute to the risk of cardiovascular diseases among civil servants in Niger State.
- There is a lack of sufficient awareness of cardiovascular disease prevention among civil servants in Niger State.
Scope and Limitations of the Study This study will focus on civil servants working in Niger State, Nigeria. Data will be collected through surveys, health assessments, and interviews. Limitations include the reliance on self-reported data, which may be influenced by personal biases, and challenges in accessing remote regions within the state.
Definitions of Terms
- Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: Factors that increase the likelihood of developing heart disease, such as smoking, poor diet, high blood pressure, and physical inactivity.
- Sedentary Lifestyle: A way of life characterized by little or no physical activity.
- Preventive Health Education: Educational programs aimed at teaching individuals how to avoid health problems or diseases through lifestyle changes and early intervention.
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